공장 건설 현장 종합 배치 계획

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The construction site layout sets the pace of a whole factory project. Temporary roads, laydown areas, fabrication yards and lifting equipment have to serve every stage from foundations to finishes without being moved again and again. This article explains how World Steel lays out the site for factories, warehouses and factory office blocks in industrial parks.

공장 건설 현장 종합 배치 계획, 사진 12

General principles

Draw the site layout plan for each stage (substructure, superstructure and steel frame, finishes) and have it approved by the supervision consultant and the owner before work starts.
Never place site huts or storage on the footprint of buildings still to be built, so nothing has to be relocated halfway.
Keep every area tidy, clean and under the control of the site management team.

Elements of the site layout

Element	Layout requirements
Temporary roads	Strong enough for delivery trucks and cranes for the whole construction period; temporary side drains against flooding in the rainy season; convenient routes for materials and equipment.
Site office	Containers in the early stage or for short projects; where possible, moved into finished concrete areas later. Easy access, a view over the whole site, separated from the workers' quarters.
Workers' quarters	Outside the footprint of the main buildings, on the material routes, tidy and under site management control.
Rebar yard	Roofed; bars stored by diameter and supported at both ends for easy lifting and to stay out of standing water; a covered scrap area.
Formwork yard	Stored by type and marked with the element number or name so it can be erected quickly; cleaned and maintained regularly.
Precast yard	Level ground near the road so leftover site concrete can be used for lintels and covers.
Toilets and waste collection	Downwind, away from traffic, close to a drainage point; fenced and divided.
Worker parking, canteen	Parking near the gate with a guard; the canteen on a raised concrete slab with bins, away from the toilets.

Lifting equipment

Tower crane: its working radius covers the fabrication yards and the work areas; safe positions for erection, operation and dismantling; its own foundation or one of the building's foundations; when the crane is taller than 30 m it needs tie-in points on the structure.
Hoist: next to the laydown area to lift materials to the floors of the office block, with tie-in points on the structure.
Material lift: for low-rise buildings (under five storeys), with the same erection and anchoring safety requirements.
For single-storey steel-frame factories, crawler or mobile cranes travel along the building grid; their route must be strengthened and kept dry.

공장 건설 현장 종합 배치 계획, 사진 21

Material storage

Plan the laydown areas for easy receiving, handling and control of materials; mix mortar at ground level and carry it up to the work area where possible.
The mortar mixing area has walls on three sides and a roof so work can continue in rain or sun.
The cement store is dry, walled and roofed; bags are raised off the floor, at least 20 cm from the walls, no more than 10 bags per stack, stacked by batch.
Bricks are stacked near the hoist: on pallets moved by forklift where there is space, in tidy piles moved by barrow where space is tight.

Common mistakes

Mistake	Prevention
Temporary roads without drains flood in the rain	Build drains and temporary sumps together with the road and check them before the rainy season.
Huts or stores placed on a later building's footprint	Check the site layout against the programme before setting them up.
Materials, scaffolding and debris on walkways	Assign storage areas and clean up at the end of every working day.
The crane does not reach the fabrication yard, so loads are double-handled	Check the crane radius on the site layout before casting the crane base.

Reference standards

The edition in force when the contract is signed applies.

TCVN 4055:2012 Organisation of construction activities
TCVN 5308:1991 Code of practice for safety in construction